Receiving a letter about an abnormal smear result can be unsettling, but it is important to remember that in most cases, this does not indicate cervical cancer. Instead, it typically means that minor cell changes have been detected, allowing early monitoring or treatment if needed. Smear tests are designed to catch these changes early, helping to prevent any potential risks in the future. One in twelve smear tests show abnormalities, but the likelihood of it being cancer is extremely low.

What Does an Abnormal Smear Mean?

Smear abnormalities are categorised as mild, moderate, or severe, with the medical term for these changes being dyskaryosis. Even when the results indicate severe dyskaryosis, it usually takes 5-10 years for these changes to develop into cervical cancer.

• Borderline changes: Slightly abnormal but close to normal.
• Low-grade changes (mild dyskaryosis): Often return to normal without the need for treatment.
• High-grade changes (moderate to severe dyskaryosis): More likely to require treatment to prevent progression.

A colposcopy may be recommended to further assess the cervix and determine if treatment is necessary.

What Causes an Abnormal Smear?

Most abnormal smears are caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), a very common infection that affects 60-70% of women and men at some point in their lives. In 95% of cases, the immune system clears the virus naturally, but in some women, it lingers and causes cell changes detected through smear tests.

What Happens Next?

The next steps will depend on the severity of the cell changes:

• For mild changes: A repeat smear test may be advised after 6-12 months, or you may be referred for a colposcopy. Many mild abnormalities resolve without intervention.
• For moderate to severe changes: You will be referred to a gynaecologist for a colposcopy and potential treatment to remove the abnormal cells and prevent future complications.

What Does Treatment Involve?

If treatment is needed, the most common procedure is LLETZ (Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone), also known as LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure). This quick, minimally invasive procedure is performed under local anaesthesia. A small wire loop is used to remove the abnormal cells. The process is generally painless, with mild discomfort, and is highly effective in preventing further complications.

Colposcopy & Smear Management at Ovara Health

At Ovara Health, we provide specialist colposcopy services, offering expert assessment and treatment in a comfortable, discreet environment. Our experienced team ensures you receive personalised, high-quality care at every step.